GRAFFITI

Initially graffiti artists often used either their real names or nicknames,but soon the first pseudonyms started to appear. The glut of new graffiti artists brandishing their names across the whole city inspired writers to find new ways to make their work stand out. Tags got bigger and bigger until the first "pieces" ( short for masterpieces) appaeared on New York trains. Many artists sought recognition, either by spray - painting the most trains or the best pieces. Stencil and street artist, meanwhile, wanted to communicate with the passer- by or shape their enviroment without any constraints.

Seen, Lee, Dondi ( RIP), Stayhigh 149, Zephyr, Blade and Iz the Wiz became heroes through the sheer quantity and quality of their work. Artists initially targeted trains because they often travelled through the whole city and were seen by millions of people. By the mid - 1980s, it was claimed, there was not a single train that had not at one time been spray- painted from top to bottom.

This changed in around 1986, when the New York authorities took steps to protect their property from graffiti by putting  up fences around station yards and buffing trains regularly. However, it was only really with the arrival of hip-hop that European graffiti scene took off. The majority of graffiti in Europe was based on the American model, wich remains the most popular to this day. With hip-hop, graffiti entered almost every Western and Western - influenced country and the started to edge out further afield. Asia and South America Caught on later , but their graffiti culture is now growing at a phenomenal rate and has already reached a high standard, particularly  in South America.

Iz the Wiz

Referencias

• Ganz, Nicholas. (2004). Graffiti World Street Art From Five Continents.New York. Editorial. Abrahms. p.9.
• The telegraph.In the wiz,zero cool gallery. Recuperado el 22 de julio de 2011, de http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/culture-obituaries/art-obituaries/5614060/Iz-the-Wiz.html

HISTORY OF GRAFFITI

Derived  from the italian sgraffio, meaning "scratch" graffiti has been around since the beginning of mankind. Pictures, such as those  at the Lascaux Caves in France, were mostly carved into the cave walls with bones or stones, but early man also anticipated the stencil and spray technique, blowing coloured power through hollow bones around his hands to make on wich notes had been carved, while excavations in Pompeil brought to ligh a wealth of graffiti, including election slogans, drawings and obscenities.

In 1904, the first magazine to focus on toilet graffiti was launched : Anthropophyteia. Later on, during the Second World War, the Nazis used writing on walls for ttheir propaganda machines to stir up hatred towards Jews and dissidents. However, graffiti was also important for resistant movements as a way of publicizing their protests to the general public. One example is " The White Rose", a group of German nonconformists who spoke out against Hitler and his regime in 1942 through leaflets and painted slogans, until their capture in 1943. Durin the student revolts in the 1960s and 1970s, protesters made their views public with poster and painted words. French students often turned to the pochoir ( the French word for stencil graffiti) technique, the precursor of the present -day stencil movement.

Today's graffiti developed towards the end of the 1970s in New York and Philadelphia, where artists such as Taki 183, Julio 204, Cat 161 and Cornbread painted their names on walls or in subway stations around Manhattan. The unique make- up of New York City -in wich the Harlem slums and glamorous world of Broadway stand side by side- seems to have beeb breading- ground for the first graffiti artists, bringing together many different cultures and class issues inone single place. This enviroment fuelled an artistic battle against the power brokers in society, and a breakaway from poverty and the ghetto. Cornbread, for example, became notorious by spray- painting his "tag" ( the stiking signature of a graffiti artist) on an elephant in a zoo. Through these pioneers, American graffiti was born, sweeping through the world and drawing thousands of youngsters under its spell.

Taki 183

Referencias:

• Ganz, Nicholas. (2004). Graffiti World Street Art From Five Continents.New York. Editorial. Abrahms.
• Taki 183. Vandalog.Recuperado el 21 de julio de 2011, de http://blog.vandalog.com/2010/02/taki-183-goes-to-auction/.

GRAFFITI: UN ESTILO DE VIDA

GRAFFITI

El graffiti estilo de vida que expresa ideas, pensamientos, y sentimientos que  pueden ser interpretados como la interacción en el sistema, para salir de anonimato, con el propósito de conseguir popularidad y reconocimiento, para ser el  numero uno y el mas común para delimitar territorios.

Durante toda la historia es utilizado como un medio de expresión callejera, y siempre ha sido relacionada con conflictos de carácter social. Aún cuando el  graffiti es visto como vandalismo mas que arte, este movimiento se encuentra fuerte y creciendo constantemente.

Sus caracteristicas:

• Es Desarrollado en las calles.
• El afán de expresar algo.
• Es plasmado en anonimato o con un sobrenombre.
• Su forma es ilegal y transgresora.
  

Recordando su nacimiento

Los antecesentes mas antiguos son las representaciones de animales y de escenas de caza de la pinturas rupestres en las paredes de las cuevas por el  hombre primitivo. Posteriormente sigueron los macedonios, los griegos o los antiguos egipcios, con sus indescifrables jeroglíficos ya utilizaban esta superficie como soporte de su escritura y de su arte.

Arte rupestre

En los 60's activistas políticos y bandas callejeras escribían en los muros para hacer publicas sus propuestas y para delimitar su territorio.

El  graffitti tal y como lo conocemos actualmente, surge a finales de los años 60’s, en Filadelfia con el  bombing o acto de pintar el  nombre o apodo por todas parte para llamar la atención de la sociedad y de los medios. En el  barrio New Yorkino de Bronx nace el arte writing que consistió en escribir en paredes y vagones.

En los 70's se incorporaron imágenes como personajes de comics o dibujos animados e incluso retratos de comics o dibujos animados, e incluso retratos y autorretratos en forma de caricatura.

En los 80's la MTA( Metropolitan Transit Authority, de New York), comienza su encarnizada lucha contra el  graffiti. Este arte marcha hacia Europà para dar a conocer esta subcultura, en  los años 80's y es definida como face de supervivencia.

¿Hasta donde puede recaer?

Arte vandalico.

El  graffiti esta abandonado las pareces su carácter transgresor y espontáneo. ya ha pasado  a formar parte de otros soportes como lienzos tablas papel, convirtiéndose así, en algo plástico  ya es dicho como una actividad tan común entre diferentes etnias sociales, porvocando  un incremento de la delincuencia y el vandalismo.

Referencias:

• Noemí Ortega, el graffiti,(2006) Producto de la Globalización y Cambios Posmodernos. EUMED.net.Recuperado el 10 de julio de 2011 de http://www.eumed.net/eve/resum/06-12/no.htm

• Sin autor, (2010), recuperado el 20 de julio 2011 de http://www.slideshare.net/myrtita/myparedes-1956305